期貨風險 1. 期貨的風險真的很大嗎？
期貨風險真的很大嗎？你知道期貨是什麼嗎？你是否有在交易期貨，或是有想要嘗試交易期貨呢？大部份的人不敢投入期貨市場交易期貨最主要原因之一，就是懼怕期貨風險。
報章雜誌、電視節目裡有關期貨的宣傳，往往都是側重在期貨風險很大，有多少人又多少人一夕之間賠光身家，傾家蕩產，妻離子散，家破人亡，幾乎所有可怕的形容詞都可以跟期貨風險扯上關係，只差沒有說期貨風險是繼地球暖化和新冠肺炎後，第三個會毀滅世界的元兇了。
你聽了也許會覺得好笑，畢竟活在世界上做哪件事沒有風險？過馬路沒有風險嗎？我們會因為道路上發生過事故就再也不出門嗎？為什麼我們要守交通規則，不就是為了降低這個風險？所以真正的風險在於對事物有著錯誤的認知，而不是事物本身，就好像馬路上的車並不危險，只有當車可能撞到你的時候它才是危險的。
所以我們應該要認知到的事情，是明白真正的期貨風險是以什麼形式存在，是否能夠透過一些特定的規範或行為降低期貨風險發生的機會，減少出狀況時難以掌握的不確定性，是故謠言止於智者，人云亦云的態度只會讓你錯失掉一個絕佳的獲利工具，期貨風險的大小不在期貨本身，而是在於我們是否有針對期貨風險進行管理。
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期貨風險 2. 為何要進行期貨風險控管？
行人過馬路的時候，要怎麼不被車撞到呢？答案就是沒有車或車停下來的時候才過馬路，而紅燈的時候車停下來的概率是大的，所以大多數情況下我們只要跟著交通信號過馬路，就可以大幅度的降低被車撞到的風險。
當然偶爾會有闖紅燈的車出現，但這是無法被預測的，我們永遠無法得知，今天哪位車駕駛會不會突然失心瘋發作而闖紅燈，又或者哪一台車的煞車系統突然失靈暴衝，所以我們只能盡力管理好自己的行為，盡可能降低風險，你同意嗎？
在期貨交易的世界裡，我們無法控制災難的發生，也無法預測災難何時會發生，無法預測災難的規模大小，無法預測災難以何種形式到來，無法預測災難會延續多久，我們唯一能做到的事情，只有在災難降臨的時候，控制好自己手上的部位，這就是資金控管的概念。
做好資金控管，將期貨風險管理在一個合理不失控的範圍，才能夠把交易這件事做的長久，如果有任何期貨交易者在短時間內燒光了期貨戶頭的期貨保證金，這只說明他並沒有進行風險管理。
那要如何做好資金控管呢 ? 首先要先規劃好單筆可虧損上限金額，當日可虧損上限金額，設定好風險上限後，確實執行，這樣既使看錯行情，也不會造成資金大幅度下滑 ! 但大部分的投資人都是進場後，才依照心情決定出場位置，有時候會遵守，有時候會不甘心想凹單，等待行情看會不會再走回來 ? 這些都是很危險的行為 ! 因為投資這件事情，你只能控制自己部位的損益，完全無法掌握行情 ! 若是一次凹單不成功，就有可能會造成本金大幅下降 !
而WINSMART期貨交易軟體有替投資人想到這一塊 ! 每次交易都確實幫投資人做好風險管理，交易時的風險都會低於單筆可虧損上限，當日如果交易看錯了太多次，軟體會直接鎖起來不讓你下單，嚴格做好資金控管 ! 假如你在交易時，常有看錯砍不了單，或是有凹單的壞習慣，都強烈建議你使用WINSMART期貨交易軟體來保護好自己 !
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期貨風險 3. 期貨風險指標計算公式
如果想妥善管理期貨風險，就一定要知道期貨風險有哪些，要怎麼看出自己的風險，期貨是一種槓桿商品，利用期貨保證金交易高價值的標的，因此期貨保證金的多寡，將會影響券商計算的期貨風險指標。
期貨風險指標計算公式為：分子 = 權益數 / 分母 = 未沖銷部位所需原始保證金
這只是最初步的計算，根據不同的商品，比如選擇權還會有更複雜的公式，但直觀的理解上我們只要知道，就是你戶頭有多少錢，除以你持有的部位數總共需要多少期貨保證金，就可以得出你帳戶的風險指標比例，一般而言對券商來說只要低於50%就會開始通知風險指標追繳，如果不補保證金就會被砍倉，無論任何原因只要低於25%都會被券商直接砍倉。
可以參考各券商的風險說明：元大期貨風險指標、凱基期貨風險指標、華南期貨風險指標。
期貨風險 4. 期貨超額損失，期貨會倒賠嗎？
如果不幸的市場產生超級大的動蕩，導致帳戶中的權益數極速降低，期貨風險指標過低直接被券商砍倉，根據期貨交易合約，交易者必須賠償期貨超額損失，所以期貨是會倒賠的，如果期貨賠錢不付會怎樣？就是失去交易信用，可能從此無法開戶或是在證券市場交易。
會產生期貨超額損失原因不外乎就是帳戶裡的期貨保證金放太少，又重倉交易沒有留一些錢去承受行情的震蕩，又剛好遇到和自己持有部位反向的大行情，結果就是帳戶的錢很快就歸零，券商還幫你砍倉在更遠的位置造成期貨超額損失。
要避免期貨超額損失的方法，就是降低期貨交易的槓桿，不要重倉交易，多放期貨保證金，就可以降低槓桿，也會越能夠去承受行情的震蕩。
期貨風險 5. 期貨留倉風險
期貨留倉風險就是來自於收盤後意外的行情，國際股市的變動，種種因素所帶來的下次開盤的跳空，那我們要怎麼降低跳空的風險呢？答案就是錢賺的不夠多就不要留倉。
以台指期風險為例，假如2021年11月台指期貨平均開盤跳空幅度都落在100點左右，那麼如果想留倉，我可以選擇若當天的獲利沒有滿足100點以上就不留，這樣一來即使隔天反向跳空，我們頂多就是不賺不賠，或是只小賠一些。
期貨風險 6. 期貨當沖風險
期貨當沖的意思就是當日沖銷期貨部位，不留倉過夜。而當沖交易可以是幾秒鐘就結束交易，幾分鐘就結束交易，是幾個小時結束交易，正因為期貨當沖交易的週期極短，故期貨當沖所面臨到的總體風險，實際上是所有交易方式裡面最低的，因為你發現任何危險就可以即時結束你的部位。
| 期貨留倉 | 期貨當沖(不留倉) | |
| 交易週期 | 長 | 短 |
| 獲利潛力 | 大 | 小 |
| 潛在風險 | 大 | 小 |
期貨風險 7. 期貨風險如何管理？
從期貨留倉風險到期貨當沖風險的例子，我們可以知道期貨的風險可以很大，也可以很小。從我們使用的期貨交易策略中，不同的交易週期會產生不同的期貨玩法，不同的期貨玩法之間也會產生不一樣的風險，所以如果想要妥善管理好期貨風險，我們一定要認知清楚哪些事情會影響期貨交易的風險，並且該如何去降低這些風險。
| 風險小 | 風險大 | |
| 期貨保證金 | 降低槓桿，增加期貨保證金。 | 槓桿大，期貨保證金放不多。 |
| 部位大小 | 小部位交易，絕不重倉。 | 重倉交易，時常大部位交易。 |
| 耐震程度 | 行情震蕩耐受度高，遇到極端行情可以承受。 | 行情震蕩耐受度低，遇到極端行情直接爆倉。 |
1. 適度增加期貨保證金，降低期貨槓桿。
2. 不隨便重倉交易，保留權益空間以承受行情震蕩。
3. 視獲利決定是否留倉。
4. 認清行情無法被預測，時刻都該注意資金控管。
臺灣期貨交易所裡有各種商品的期貨保證金列表，可以根據不同商品的保證金，建議至少放入兩至三倍期貨保證金的資金，比較能夠承受短期的行情震蕩，比起只放入剛剛好的期貨保證金來說，更好進行資金控管。
以下是台指期的保證金，以交易小台來舉例，如果只剛好放進去46000元的保證金，那只要輸一點點就無法再進行交易，而且本來進場就會有一些賺賠，但如果放入10萬或是15萬，就可以有更多的容錯空間，所以千萬不要想省錢就放少少的保證金，資金控管不做好是很不利於交易的。
| 商品別 | 結算保證金 | 維持保證金 | 原始保證金 |
| 臺股期貨保證金 | 136000 | 141000 | 184000 |
| 小型臺指保證金 | 34000 | 35250 | 46000 |
然而要透過人工的方式控制風險，就要考慮到人性，人並不總是理性處理事情，往往會受到情緒面的左右而做出錯誤的決策，比如帳面產生虧損應該要果斷止損，卻老想著要把這筆錢贏回來而死都不平倉，心想等他跌一跌之後就會開始漲了，甚至向下攤平，結果行情一去不回，越賠越多，最後超過自己帳戶可以承受的損益，除非你是超級大戶，否則對於一般人來說，要撐到行情漲回來實在不太可能，最終只能黯然畢業退場。
如果你有這樣的困擾，你可以透過WINSMART期貨交易軟體來幫助你，它是一套結合風險控管的交易軟體，不會允許你的風險超過你不能接受的數字，會依照你的設定，自動停損停利，因為它是機器人不會有情緒，只要打到停損，看錯該砍單就砍單，絕不拖延，但假如風險允許，甚至WINSMART可以幫你持續抱著單，自動加碼，人性問題迎刃而解。
延伸閱讀： 期貨手續費是影響獲利的重要成本，5分鐘搞懂是誰吃光你的錢！
延伸閱讀： 3分鐘看懂期貨結算日為何老是害我們賠錢！
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